Mineralna Voda: Potencijalne Zdravstvene Dobrobiti I Nuspojave

2024 Autor: Cecilia Ryder | [email protected]. Zadnja promjena: 2023-12-17 14:20

Mineralna voda dobiva se iz prirodnih izvora i podzemnih rezervoara. Bogat je esencijalnim hranjivim tvarima, a rekao je da posjeduje neka terapijska svojstva.

Sadrži kalcij, magnezij, kalij i natrij (1). Stoga se tvrdi da pruža neke neočekivane zdravstvene beneficije. Pijenje mineralne vode može poboljšati zdravlje kostiju, probavnog sustava i srca te smanjiti krvni tlak.

U ovom članku govorimo o razlici između mineralne vode i vode iz slavine te o potencijalnim zdravstvenim blagodatima i nuspojavama mineralne vode.

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Sadržaj

• Mineralna voda vs. Redovita voda
• 6 zdravstvene dobrobiti mineralne vode
• Je li mineralna voda dobra za vašu kožu i lice?
• Koji su nuspojave mineralne vode?

Mineralna voda vs. Redovita voda

Mineralna voda je kiselija od vode iz slavine i kiselog je okusa zbog prisutnosti ugljične kiseline. Obje vrste vode sadrže minerale i podvrgavaju se nekoj vrsti obrade. Na temelju trenutnih dokaza, razlike nisu vrlo značajne. Evo što trebate znati.

I. Mineralna voda

Mineralna voda sadrži dodane minerale (ovisno o izvoru) ili otopljene tvari kako bi promijenila njezin okus. Ljudi vjeruju da ima neka ljekovita svojstva zbog minerala u sebi. Prema Upravi za hranu i lijekove (FDA), mineralna voda mora sadržavati najmanje 250 dijelova na milijun ukupnih otopljenih krutina (2).

Minerali koji su često prisutni u mineralnoj vodi uključuju:

• Kalcij
• Klor
• Fosfor
• Magnezij
• Kalij
• Natrij
• Sumpor

Gore navedeni su neki od makronutrijenata koji su neophodni za obavljanje tjelesnih funkcija kao što su sinteza proteina, stvaranje kostiju, stvaranje hrskavice itd. (3).

Uz neke mikroelemente, elementi u tragovima neophodni su za neke biološke funkcije poput sinteze hormona, proizvodnje enzima, prevencije propadanja zuba itd. (3).

• Kobalt
• Željezo
• Krom
• Bakar
• Jodij
• Fluor

Za razliku od uobičajene vode iz slavine, mineralna voda obično se flašira na izvoru u plastične ili staklene boce. Neki ljudi više vole mineralnu vodu zbog njene terapijske vrijednosti. Međutim, mineralna voda može se podvrgnuti nekoj obradi radi uklanjanja bakterija ili otrovnih tvari (4). Dnevni unos mineralne vode neophodan je za održavanje ravnoteže tjelesne vode (3).

II. Voda iz pipe

Voda iz slavine obrađuje se klorom i isporučuje domaćinstvima kroz cijevi i sustave za pročišćavanje.

Prije nego što dospije u kućanstva, voda iz slavine prolazi postupak kemijske dezinfekcije u postrojenju za pročišćavanje vode. Čista voda se zatim isporučuje kroz podzemni sustav cjevovoda. Međutim, neki minerali u vodi iz slavine mogu nagrizati cijevi i zagađivati pitku vodu.

U SAD-u voda iz slavine mora udovoljavati standardima Zakona o pitkoj vodi za piće koje je utvrdila Agencija za zaštitu okoliša (EPA) (5).

Sad kad znate razliku između mineralne vode i vode iz slavine, provjerimo zdravstvene prednosti mineralne vode!

6 zdravstvene dobrobiti mineralne vode

1. Izvor magnezija

Mineralna voda bogat je izvor magnezija, koji igra glavnu ulogu u regulaciji tjelesnih funkcija poput živčanih, kontroli razine glukoze u krvi i regulaciji krvnog tlaka (6).

Ovisno o izvoru, količina magnezija u mineralnoj vodi može varirati. Preporučena prehrambena dopuštenja (RDA) za magnezij su kako slijedi (6):

• 310-320 mg za odrasle žene
• 350-400 mg za trudnice
• 310-360 mg za dojilje
• 400-420 mg za odrasle muškarce

Nedostatak magnezija može uzrokovati simptome poput anksioznosti, razdražljivosti, umora, slabosti mišića, podrhtavanja i vrtoglavice. U težim slučajevima može dovesti i do napadaja, gubitka sluha, migrene, osteoporoze i nepravilnog rada srca (7).

2. Može vam pomoći smanjiti krvni tlak

Mineralna voda dobar je izvor kalcija i magnezija (1). Stoga se kaže da je korisno za ljude koji imaju problema s krvnim tlakom. Nedostatak magnezija i kalcija može pridonijeti hipertenziji (8), (9). Oba su minerala aktivno uključena u elektrolitički proces ljudskog mozga i tijela. Ova elektrolitska ravnoteža bitna je za održavanje krvnog tlaka i cirkulacije. Također pomaže ubrzati hidrataciju kod ljudi (10).

Studija koju je provelo Sveučilište Göteborg (Švedska) otkrila je da pijenje mineralne vode može pomoći u snižavanju krvnog tlaka kod osoba s povišenim krvnim tlakom (11).

Istraživanje provedeno na 70 osoba s graničnom hipertenzijom također je otkrilo da im je pijenje 1 litre mineralne vode dnevno snižavalo krvni tlak (11).

Međutim, potrebno je više studija kako bi se razumjela uloga pijenja mineralne vode u upravljanju krvnim tlakom.

3. Promovira zdravlje kostiju

Kalcij je najvažniji mineral koji sudjeluje u razvoju kostiju. Kalcij prisutan u mineralnoj vodi važan je izvor unosa kalcija (12). Jača kosti, zube i nokte.

Studija koju je proveo saksonski Institut za balneologiju i rehabilitacijsku medicinu otkrila je da je bioraspoloživost kalcija iz mineralne vode usporediva (i čak može biti bolja) nego iz mliječnih proizvoda (13), (14). Drugo istraživanje provedeno na ženama u postmenopauzi otkrilo je da redoviti unos mineralne vode bogate kalcijem povećava mineralnu gustoću kostiju (15).

Nadalje, kontrola magnezijeve homeostaze može pomoći u održavanju cjelovitosti kostiju (16).

4. Poboljšava probavno zdravlje

Mineral water contains magnesium sulfate and sodium sulfate that can help improve bowel movement frequency and stool consistency when constipated (17). A study conducted in Japan found that low magnesium intake is associated with constipation (18). Moreover, adequate fluid intake has been shown to improve digestion (19).

5. May Improve Heart Health

A study conducted on postmenopausal women by the Spanish Council for Scientific Research found that sodium bi-carbonate mineral water affects cholesterol and triacylglycerol metabolism after meals (20).

Another study conducted on postmenopausal women found that the intake of carbonated mineral water intake decreases total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels, which reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases (21). The magnesium levels in drinking water are also said to be inversely associated with coronary heart disease mortality (22).

However, more long-term studies are required to understand how drinking mineral water promotes heart health.

6. May Regulate Body Fat

Mineral water is an essential fat-free supplement that offers a good amount of fat metabolizing minerals. It helps in fat breakdown, which is essential in burning the layers of fat in the body. Thus, drinking mineral water before meals (1.5 l/day) along with a low-calorie diet can help in weight management (23).

Now that you know all about the health benefits of mineral water, let’s check out how it benefits your skin.

Is Mineral Water Good For Your Skin And Face?

Mineral water may be a fresh source of skin-friendly silica particles. Silica is great for the skin. It triggers the production of collagen in your skin. Increased collagen formation reduces wrinkles, dark spots, and dullness. Furthermore, silica deficiency leads to skin ageing (24). Hence, mineral water may be a good source of skin health.

However, more long-term studies are required to understand this benefit of mineral water.

Though mineral water is generally safe for consumption, it does have a few side effects that you need to keep in mind. Check them out in the next section.

What Are The Side Effects Of Mineral Water?

Mineral water is generally regarded as safe to drink. However, too much consumption of mineral water has some side effects, and very little research has been done in this area.

Many studies focused on bottled mineral water are about the migration of chemicals from plastic bottles to water (25). A study conducted on mice found that microplastics consumed through water can accumulate in the body and cause inflammation (26).

The carbonic acid present in carbonated mineral water can cause bloating (27). Mineral water contains fewer microbes when compared to normal tap water. Thus, it does not undergo the disinfection process (unlike tap water) and contains microbes. It is also sometimes enriched with carbon dioxide (28).

Plastic Toxicity

Microplastics are tiny particles with potential health concerns. Plastic bottles contain bisphenol A (BPA) that are said to interfere with the hormonal function in your body. These particles are also found in seafood products, beverages like beer, and table salt.

Though the microplastics in bottled water do not raise a safety concern, more research is required in this area (29).

Carbonated Water Damages Teeth

Sparkling mineral water can damage the enamel on your teeth. A study conducted by the University of Birmingham found that sparkling mineral water damages tooth enamel more than regular tap water but less than soft drinks (30).

Carbonated water is more acidic than regular tap water. A study conducted in Korea found that carbonated water manufactured by a soda carbonator reduces enamel hardness (31). But, it has a smaller impact on teeth than drinking soda (32).

Environmental Concerns

Pollution caused by plastic water bottles is a serious threat to the environment. But, scientists have found that treating tap water with domestic reverse osmosis equipment is the most environmentally friendly way to treat water (33). As bottle manufacturing requires more energy and raw material inputs, especially in the case of glass water bottles, regular water treatment is the most favourable option.

Conclusion

Mineralna voda je po definiciji bogata mineralima i za nju se kaže da posjeduje nekoliko terapijskih svojstava. Međutim, dostupno je ograničeno istraživanje koje dokazuje njegove prednosti. I dalje se smatra sigurnim za piće.

Od poboljšanja gustoće kostiju do promicanja probavnog zdravlja, navodno mineralna voda ima brojne zdravstvene prednosti. Međutim, također je povezana s plastičnom toksičnošću (zbog mikroplastike u bocama) i erozijom cakline. Stoga upotrijebite svoju diskreciju prije nego što popijete bilo koju vrstu vode.

33 izvora

Stylecraze ima stroge smjernice za izvor i oslanja se na recenzirane studije, akademske istraživačke institucije i medicinska udruženja. Izbjegavamo koristiti tercijarne reference. Možete pročitati više o tome kako osiguravamo da je naš sadržaj točan i aktualan čitajući našu uredničku politiku.

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